Understanding Uterine Cancer: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

What is Uterine Cancer?

Uterine cancer, also known as endometrial cancer, is a type of cancer that affects the lining of the uterus. It is the most common type of gynecologic cancer in the United States, accounting for approximately 6% of all female cancer diagnoses. The exact cause of uterine cancer is still unknown, but it is believed to be linked to factors such as obesity, diabetes, and a family history of the disease.

The risk of developing uterine cancer increases with age, and it is most common in women over the age of 50. However, it can occur at any age, including in premenopausal women. Early detection and treatment are crucial for improving survival rates and reducing the risk of recurrence.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

The symptoms of uterine cancer can be subtle and may not appear until the disease is in its advanced stages. Common signs include abnormal bleeding, pelvic pain, and changes in bowel or bladder habits. However, these symptoms can also be indicative of other conditions, making a proper diagnosis crucial.

A thorough physical examination, including a pelvic exam, and imaging tests such as ultrasound, MRI, or CT scans are used to diagnose uterine cancer. A biopsy may also be performed to confirm the presence of cancer cells.

Treatment Options and Prognosis

The treatment options for uterine cancer depend on the stage and grade of the disease, as well as the patient's overall health. Surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy are common treatments used alone or in combination.

The prognosis for women with uterine cancer is generally good when detected early and treated promptly. However, the 5-year survival rate decreases significantly if the disease has spread to other parts of the body.